He signed his compositions with the mudra (pen name), “Purandara Vittala” (Vittala is one of the incarnations of the Hindu god Vishnu). Purandara Dasa’s Carnatic music compositions are mostly in Kannada some are in Sanskrit. Purandara Dasa addressed social issues in addition to worship in his compositions, a practice emulated by his younger contemporary, Kanakadasa. Purandara Dasa is one of the most prominent composers of Carnatic music and is widely regarded as the “Grandfather of Carnatic Music”. According to tradition, Madhvacarya is believed to be the third incarnation of Vayu (Mukhyaprana) and first two being Hanuman and Bhima. He was a pioneer in many ways, going against standard conventions and norms. Madhvacarya was one of the important philosophers during the Bhakti movement. It is one of the three most influential Vedanta philosophies. Madhvacharya also known as Purna Prajna and Ananda Tirtha, was the chief proponent of Tattvavada “philosophy of reality”, popularly known as the Dvaita (dualism) school of Hindu philosophy. He is also referred as Sarvagna in modern translation. He is famous for his pithy three-lined poems which are called tripadis, “with three padas, three-liners”, a form of Vachanas. Sarvajna was a Kannada poet, pragmatist and philosopher. She is said to have accepted the god Shiva (‘Chenna Mallikarjuna’) as her husband, traditionally understood as the ‘madhura bhava’ or ‘madhurya’ form of devotion (similar to how 8th century Andal declared herself marriable only to lord Vishnu or as centuries later Meera, a 16th-century saint, considered herself married to Krishna). She is in hindsight seen as a great and inspirational woman for Kannada literature and the history of Karnataka. Yet the term ‘Akka’ (elder Sister), which is an honorific given to her by great Veerashaiva saints like Basavanna, Chenna Basavanna, Kinnari Bommayya, Siddharama, Allamaprabhu and Dasimayya, speaks volumes of her contribution to the movement that was underway. In all she wrote about 430 Vachanas which is relatively fewer than that compared to some other saints of her time. Akkamahadevi Vachanas in kannada, a form of didactic poetry, are considered her most notable contribution to Kannada Bhakti literature. These were rational and progressive social thoughts in the twelfth century.Īkka Mahadevi was a prominent figure of the Veerashaiva Bhakti movement of the 12th century Karnataka. Basavanna used Ishtalinga, an image of the Siva Linga, to eradicate untouchability, to establish equality among all human beings and as a means to attain spiritual enlightenment. He spread social awareness through his poetry, popularly known as Vachanaas. Basava fought against the practice of the caste system, which discriminated against people based on their birth, and other rituals in Hinduism. Basava was an Indian philosopher, statesman and a social reformer from what is now Karnataka.
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